Phrasal verbs merupakan pengetahuan yang menyebabkan banyak kesulitan bagi orang yang belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua karena jumlahnya yang banyak, semantik dan tata bahasanya yang beragam, serta ketidakteraturannya. Selain itu, pelajar seringkali merasa kewalahan dengan banyaknya metode belajar bahasa Inggris, sehingga mereka tidak tahu metode mana yang tepat untuk mereka.
Apa itu phrasal verb?
Phrasal verb adalah kelompok kata yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja dalam suatu kalimat dan terdiri dari kata kerja yang diikuti oleh preposisi dan/atau kata keterangan.
Tes pengucapan gratis
Preposisi dan kata keterangan ini disebut juga dengan partikel, yaitu kata-kata yang mempunyai fungsi gramatika tetapi tidak termasuk dalam kelompok kata inti dan tidak dapat berubah bentuknya.
PHRASAL VERB = VERB + PARTICLE (PREPOSITION/ADVERB) |
Contoh:
- Go up = kata kerja “go” + partikel “up” (meningkat).
- Cut back on = kata kerja “cut” + partikel “back” + partikel“on” (mengurangi)
Ciri-ciri phrasal verb
Ciri-ciri phrasal verb ditinjau dari segi tata bahasa
Kalau ditinjau dari segi tata bahasa, phrasal verb dapat dibedakan atas 2 kelompok utama:
- Transitive phrasal verbs yang memiliki objek langsung
Contoh: I told him to leave, but he just won’t go away. (Aku menyuruhnya pergi, tapi dia tidak mau pergi.)
- Intransitive phrasal verbs yang tidak memiliki objek langsung
Contoh: Yesterday John got into an argument with his wife. (Kemarin John terlibat pertengkaran dengan istrinya.)
Selain itu, transitive phrasal verbs juga dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok kecil:
Separable phrasal verbs yang dapat dipisahkan oleh objek. Objek ini dapat diletakkan di tengah atau setelah phrasal verbs.
Contoh:
- She puts down my name. (Dia menuliskan namaku.)
- She puts my name down.
Inseparable phrasal verbs yang tidak dapat dipisahkan oleh objek. Objek ini hanya dapat diletakkan di setelah phrasal verbs.
- Sarah bumped into the wall. (Sarah menabrak dinding)
- Sarah bumped the wall into. (SALAH)
Ciri-ciri phrasal verb ditinjau dari segi makna
Sebagian besar phrasal verbs memiliki lebih dari satu makna. Makna-makna ini mungkin memiliki kesamaan satu sama lain.
Contoh:
- Stephen King’s famous novel, “It”, came out at 1986. (Novel terkenal Stephen King, “It”, diterbitkan pada tahun 1986.)
Come out: diterbitkan, dirilis, ditayangkan perdana (film, buku).
- The sun rarely comes out on rainy days. (Matahari jarang muncul pada hari hujan.)
Come out: muncul
- The news will come out tomorrow. (Berita tersebut akan diumumkan kepada banyak orang besok.)
Come out: diumumkan
Selain itu, makna-makna ini juga bisa saja tidak berhubungan sama sekali
- My friend kindly took me in when I first arrived here. (Teman saya dengan baik hati menerima saya ketika saya pertama kali tiba di sini.)
Take in: menerima (menyediakan tempat di rumah seorang)
- He was completely taken in by my lie. (Dia benar-benar tertipu oleh kebohonganku).
Take in: menipu
Phrasal verbs bersifat netral
Kebanyakan phrasal verbs bersifat netral atau informal. Oleh karena itu, phrasal verbs sering digunakan dalam bahasa lisan dan tulisan informal (penusilan pesan/ surat, dll).
>>Baca: 70+ contoh action verb yang paling populer dalam bahasa Inggris
Kumpulan 100 Phrasal Verbs yang populer
No | Phrasal verb | Arti | Contoh |
1 | Bear out = confirm | membuktikan | The other witnesses will bear out what I say. |
2 | Bring in = introduce | mengajukan/menampilkan | They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports. |
3 | Gear up for = prepare for | bersiap | Cycle organizations are gearing up for National Bike Week. |
4 | Pair up with = team up with | berpasangan dengan | Sally decided to pair up with Jason for the dance contest. |
5 | Cut down = reduce | memotong | We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. |
6 | Look back on = remember | mengingat kembali | She usually looks back on her childhood. |
7 | Bring up = raise | mengasuh/membesarkan | He was brought up by his aunt. |
8 | Hold on = wait | menunggu sebentar | Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. |
9 | Turn down = refuse | menolak | He has been turned down for ten jobs so far. |
10 | Talk over = discuss | membahas | They talked over the proposal and decided to give it their approval. |
11 | Leave out = not include, omit | mengabaikan/meninggalkan | If you are a student, you can omit questions 16–18. |
12 | Break down | merusak/memecah | The telephone system has broken down. |
13 | Put forward = suggest | mengusulkan | Can I put you forward for club secretary? |
14 | Dress up | Berdandan | There’s no need to dress up—come as you are. |
15 | Stand for | singkatan | ‘The book’s by T.C. Smith.’ ‘What does the ‘T.C.’ stand for?’ |
16 | Keep up = continue | Meneruskan/Mempertahanakan | Well done! Keep up the good work/Keep it up. |
17 | Look after = take care of | menjaga/merawat | Who’s going to look after the children while you’re away? |
18 | Work out = calculate | menghitung | It’ll work out cheaper to travel by bus. |
19 | Show up = arrive | hadir/datang | It was getting late when she finally showed up. |
20 | Come about = happen | terjadi | Can you tell me how the accident came about. |
21 | Hold up = stop, delay | menghambat | An accident is holding up traffic. |
22 | Call off = cancel | membatalkan | The game was called off because of bad weather. |
23 | Look for = expect, hope for | mencari/mengharap | We shall be looking for an improvement in your work this term. |
24 | Fix up = arrange | menyediakan/mempersiapkan | I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. |
25 | Get by = manage to live | hidup | How does she get by on such a small salary? |
26 | Check in | mendaftar/mendaftarkan diri | Please check in at least an hour before departure. |
27 | Check out | check out (memeriksa/meninggalkan/keluar dari) | Please check out at the reception area. |
28 | Drop by (drop in on) | singgah | I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing. |
29 | Come up with | memberikan/menemukan (ide/rencana/solusi) | She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. |
30 | Call up = phone | menelepon | She’s out for lunch. Please call up later. |
31 | Call on = visit | mengunjungi | My mother’s friends call upon her every Wednesday. |
32 | Think over = consider | mempertimbangkan | Let me think over your request for a day or so. |
33 | Talk over = discuss | membicarakan | They talked over the proposal and decided to give it their approval. |
34 | Move on | berpindah/berjalan terus | Can we move on to the next item on the agenda? |
35 | Go over = examine | memeriksa | Go over your work before you hand it in. |
36 | Put sth down = write sth, make a note of sth | mencatat | The meeting’s on the 22nd. Put it down in your diary. |
37 | Clear up = tidy | membereskan/merapikan | I’m fed up with clearing up after you! |
38 | Carry out = execute | melaksanakan/melakukan/menjalankan | Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient. |
39 | Break in | mendobrak | Burglars had broken in while we were away. |
40 | Back up | mendukung/membantu | I’ll back you up if they don’t believe you. |
41 | Turn away = turn down | mengusir/menolak | They had nowhere to stay so I couldn’t turn them away. |
42 | Wake up = get up | membangun | Wake up and listen! |
43 | Warm up | memanaskan badan | Let’s warm up before entering the main part. |
44 | Turn off | mematikan | They’ve turned off the water while they repair a burst pipe. |
45 | Turn on | menghidupkan | I’ll turn the television on. |
46 | Fall down | runtuh | Many buildings in the old part of the city are falling down. |
47 | Find out | menemukan | I haven’t found anything out about him yet. |
48 | Get off | berangkat | We got off straight after breakfast. |
49 | Give up | berhenti/menyerahkan | They gave up without a fight. |
50 | Go up = increase | meningkat | The price of cigarettes is going up. |
51 | Pick someone up | menjemput | I’ll pick you up at five. |
52 | Take up | memulai (aktiviti yang baru) | He takes up his duties next week. |
53 | Speed up | mempercepat | Can you try and speed things up a bit? |
54 | Grow up | dewasa | Their children have all grown up and left home now. |
55 | Catch up with | menyusul/mengejar | Go on ahead. I’ll catch up with you. |
56 | Cut off | memotong | He had his finger cut off in an accident at work. |
57 | Account for | menjelaskan | How do you account for the show’s success? |
58 | Belong to | Milik | Who does this watch belong to? |
59 | Break away | melarikan diri | The prisoner broke away from his guards. |
60 | Delight in | senang | She delights in walking. |
61 | Get across (to sb) | menerangkan/menjelaskan | I was trying to get across how much I admired them. |
62 | Get after | menyusul | Don’t just stand there talking. Get after them! |
63 | Get along | memiliki hubungan yang baik | I don’t really get along with my sister’s husband. |
64 | Get around | berkeliling | Spain last week and Germany this week – he gets around, doesn’t he? |
65 | Get at | mencapai | I’ve put the cake on a high shelf where he can’t get at it. |
66 | Get away | melepaskan diri | The criminal got away from prison. |
67 | Get back | kembali | Finally, she got back to me. |
68 | Get by (on,in,with st) | bertahan hidup hidup/mengatasi (suatu keadaan) | How can he get by on so little money? |
69 | Get about | berjalan | She was finding it increasingly difficult to get about. |
70 | Go along | pergi bersama-sama | I will go along with him to Japan next year. |
71 | Go away | pergi/berangkat | Tell him to go away! |
72 | Go beyond something | melebihi | The cost of marketing should not go beyond 10% avenue. |
73 | Go down | menurun | The crime rate shows no signs of going down. |
74 | Go through | mengalami | No one can imagine what he’s going through. |
75 | Go up | naik/meningkat | She always worries when her weight goes up. |
76 | Look back | mengingat kembali | I miss my grandmother so much when I look back on my childhood. |
77 | Look for (st) | mencari | What are you looking for? |
78 | Look forward to (st) | menantikan | I’m looking forward to coming home. |
79 | Look out (for sb/st) | memerhatikan | You should look out for wildlife species in the forest. |
80 | Look up | mencari (keterangan dalam kamus) | Oxford Dictionary is the best choice to look up new words. |
81 | Take after sb | menyerupai | John takes after his mother. |
82 | Take off | berangkat/lepas landas | The plane took off 5 minutes ago. |
83 | Take sth down | mencatat | I took down everything my leader said to me. |
84 | Take sth back | mengembalikan | There is a mistake in the color of the shirt I ordered so I will take it back. |
85 | Take sth up | memulai (aktiviti yang baru) | He has taken up dancing. |
86 | Clean something up | membersihkan | Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside. |
87 | Chip in | ikut serta | If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon. |
88 | Cheer somebody up | menghibur | I brought you some flowers to cheer you up. |
89 | Cheer up | terhibur | She cheered up when she heard the good news. |
90 | Check out somebody/ something | melihat (dengan cara yang tidak sopan) | Check out the crazy hair on that guy! |
91 | Check somebody/ something out | memeriksa | The company checks out all new employees. |
92 | Check out | check out (memeriksa/meninggalkan/keluar dari) | You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM. |
93 | Check in | mendaftar/mendaftarkan diri | We will get the hotel keys when we check in. |
94 | Catch up | menyusul/mengejar | You’ll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty. |
95 | Fall in love (with s.o) | jatuh cinta | I fell in love with him at first sight. |
96 | Fall into | tertangkap/terlilit utang | The shop fell into debt. |
97 | Fall out of | jatuh dari | The cat fell out of the window. |
98 | Fall down | jatuh | Unluckily, the cup fell down under the stairs. |
99 | Fall off | jatuh dari | Jane broke her leg because she fell off the horse. |
100 | Fall over | jatuh dari | Sam fell over a chair when he came into the house. |
Cara mempelajari phrasal verbs secara efektif
- Belajar phrasal verb satu per satu: misalnya belajar “take off” atau “ put on” daripada belajar banyak phrasal verbs sekaligus. Dengan cara ini, Anda dapat fokus pada setiap phrasal verb dan mempelajari cara menggunakannya.
- Belajar phrasal verb dari contoh: Ini akan membantu Anda mengingat phrasal verb dengan lebih mudah. Baca dan simpan contoh dalam teks, novel, atau situs web berbahasa Inggris, sehingga Anda dapat melihatnya digunakan dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.
- Gunakan aplikasi belajar: Aplikasi belajar seperti Duolingo, Memrise, atau Quizlet menyediakan latihan dan flashcards untuk membantu Anda belajar dan mengingat kosakata. Aplikasi ini dapat membantu Anda fokus pada belajar dan berlatih menggunakan phrasal verbs untuk membuat kalimat.
- Tonton video tutorial: Tonton video tutorial di YouTube atau situs pendidikan seperti Coursera. Ini membantu Anda lebih memahami tata bahasa dan penggunaannya dalam berbagai situasi.
- Latih: Latihan adalah cara terbaik untuk mengingat phrasal verbs. Berlatihlah menulis kalimat menggunakan phrasal verbs yang baru kita pelajari dari pelajaran atau percakapan dengan penutur asli untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Anda dalam menggunakannya.
>>Baca:
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- Good luck artinya dan cara lain untuk mengucapkan “Good luck”
Latihan
A. Pilihlah jawaban yang benar diantara A, B, C, dan D
1. The teacher asked me to _____ the new vocabulary words.
A. look into
B. look up
C. look after
D. look for
2. We should _____ a solution to this problem as soon as possible.
A. come up with
B. come over
C. come about
D. come into
3. I can’t wait to _____ my new dress at the party tonight.
A. show off
B. show up
C. show around
D. show in
4. Peter never _____ his homework on time.
A. turns in
B. turns on
C. turns over
D. turns up
5. The company is planning to _____ its operations in Asia.
A. carry away
B. carry out
C. carry on
D. carry off
B. Pilihlah jawaban yang benar diantara A, B, C, dan D
1. _____ your coat on, it’s cold outside.
A. Put
B. Take
C. Get
D. Bring
2. She has a lot of responsibility at work, but she always manages to _____ her duties.
A. keep up with
B. keep out of
C. keep away from
D. keep in touch with
3. We need to _____ a plan for the weekend.
A. make out
B. make up
C. make over
D. make with
4. He always _____ comic books when he’s feeling stressed.
A. looks into
B. looks after
C. looks up to
D. looks through
5. The store had to _____ the defective products.
A. throw out
B. throw away
C. throw off
D. throw over
JAWABAN
A 1. B. look up: mencari informasi → “look up the new vocabulary words” mencari kosakata 2. A. come up with: memberikan ide/rencana/solusi. → “come up with a solution to this problem” memberikan solusi untuk masalah ini 3. A. show off: menyombongkan/memamerkan → “show off my new dress”: memamerkan gaun baru 4. A. turns in: menyerahkan → “turns in his homework”: menyerahkan PR 5. B. carry out: melaksanakan/melakukan → “carry out its operations”: menjalankan operasinya |
B 1. A. Put on: memakai → “Put your coat on”: memakai mantel 2. A. keep up with: mengikuti → “She always manages to keep up with her duties”: Dia selalu berhasil mengikuti tugasnya. 3. B. make up: merencanakan/membuat rencana → “We need to make up a plan for the weekend”: Kita perlu membuat rencana untuk akhir pekan 4. D. looks through: meneliti → “He always looks through comic books when he’s feeling stressed”: Dia selalu meneliti buku komik ketika dia merasa stres 5. B. throw away: membuang → “The store had to throw out the defective products”: Toko harus membuang produk yang cacat |
Singkatnya, phrasal verbs adalah bagian penting dari bahasa Inggris dan perlu dipelajari dan digunakan secara efektif agar dapat berkomunikasi dan menulis bahasa Inggris dengan lancar. Demikian pengetahuan tentang phrasal verbs, ELSA Speak berharap Anda bisa lebih memahami apa itu phrasal verbs dan penggunaannya dalam bahasa Inggris.